Day: March 27, 2026

The Clarity Tax: Why Being "Good" Isn't Enough to Get the Sale

Common Barriers to SME Growth — Series 5 of 12

Most SME founders believe they can explain their business clearly. But in reality, when put on the spot, the pitch often sounds like this:

  • “We offer a range of solutions tailored to client needs.”

  • “We’re a full-service provider across multiple sectors.”

It sounds professional. It sounds safe. And it is completely forgettable.

If a prospect has to work hard to understand how you help them, they won’t buy. They will simply move on to a competitor who is easier to understand. This is the “Clarity Tax” – the invisible cost of vague messaging that many founders pay every single day without realising it.

How Buyers Actually Think

Buyers don’t wake up thinking, “I need a consultant” or “I need a service provider.” They wake up thinking about their pain. They are thinking:

  • “Our margins are under pressure.”
  • “We’re not growing fast enough.”
  • “We’re losing our best people.”
  • “Our operations are chaotic.”

Growth doesn’t follow effort; it follows clarity. Your positioning should meet buyers where they are – at the heart of the problem they are trying to solve.

Turning Services into Outcomes

To stop paying the Clarity Tax, you must shift your language from Features to Outcomes.

  • Instead of saying you provide “business consulting,” explain that you help founders build scalable businesses without burning out.
  • Instead of saying you offer “24/7 IT support,” explain that you ensure a team never loses a day of productivity to a system crash.

One is a commodity that people haggle over on price; the other is a commercial result that people are willing to invest in.

The Connection to Networking

As we discussed in Series 4: Networking Strategy, your “Value Hook” is only the start of the conversation. To close the deal, your entire positioning must be consistent. If your website, your LinkedIn profile, and your pitch don’t answer “What do you solve?” within five seconds, you are losing leads before they even click “Contact.”

Reflection Prompts for You…

The Memory Check: If a prospect met you today, could they accurately describe your value to a colleague tomorrow?

The Problem Focus: Does your pitch talk about the services you provide – or the specific problems you solve for your clients?

The Jargon Audit: How many industry buzzwords (like “bespoke,” “holistic,” or “synergy”) are hiding the actual value of what you do?

The 5-Second Test: If a stranger looked at the top of your website for five seconds, would they know exactly why they should choose you?

Clarity is a Competitive Advantage

In a crowded market, the business that is easiest to understand is the business that wins.

I help you strip away the noise and find the core message that resonates with your ideal clients. I don’t just help you “pitch” – I help you position your business as the only logical solution to your customer’s problem.

Stop explaining. Start positioning. Let’s Talk: www.letsjusttalk.co.uk

Stop Collecting Business Cards: Why Your Networking Isn't Scaling Your Business

Common Barriers to SME Growth — Series 4 of 12 For many SME founders, networking feels like a necessary evil. You spend your early mornings at breakfast clubs or your…

Why Your Ambition Isn’t Enough: The Strategy Gap in SMEs

Common Barriers to SME Growth (And How to Break Them) — Series 3 of 12

Most SMEs don’t lack ambition – they lack a clear plan to turn that ambition into consistent growth.

As businesses scale, priorities multiply, decisions become more complex, and focus can quickly become diluted. Without a structured strategy, progress becomes reactive rather than intentional.

Ambition Is Not Strategy

Most SME founders have clear goals:

  • Grow revenue.
  • Win bigger clients.
  • Build a stronger team.

But goals alone do not create progress. Without a clear strategy, businesses drift into reactive execution – responding to opportunities as they appear rather than pursuing a defined direction.

The result is a familiar cycle: Activity increases, focus decreases and progress becomes inconsistent. The business is moving – but not always forward.

The Strategy Paradox

In many SMEs, strategy is either informal and held in the founder’s head, or documented once and then buried under operational pressure. This isn’t a lack of capability; it is a lack of time and space to think.

“When the business is busy, strategy gets postponed. When strategy is postponed, the business stays busy.”

To break this cycle, you must understand the fundamental difference between where you want to go and how you will get there.

Goals vs. Strategy: Knowing the Difference

Clarity creates focus. Focus creates momentum.

Goal (The “What”)Strategy (The “How”) “Increase revenue by 20%.” “Pivot focus to Tier-1 tech clients in the UK.”

 

What a Practical Growth Strategy Looks Like

A strong SME strategy is not a 50-page document. It is a clear set of decisions that guide daily action. It typically includes:

  • 3–5 priority growth areas: Where will you win?
  • Defined commercial targets: How will you measure success?
  • A “Stop-Doing List”: Which activities are no longer delivering value?
  • Clear ownership: Who is accountable for each move?
  • Sequential execution: What happens first, second, and third?

If your strategy does not influence your Monday morning priorities, it is not a strategy.

 

Why Strategy Needs an External “Circuit Breaker”

Leadership teams often know what needs to change, but operational pressure makes it difficult to challenge long-held assumptions. It is hard to proofread the label from inside the bottle.

An external perspective doesn’t bring all the answers, but it brings the clarity and challenge required to ask the hard questions:

  • Where are we spread too thin?
  • What should we stop doing immediately?
  • Are we still aligned with what our customers actually need?

Sustainable growth isn’t about working harder; it’s about thinking differently and acting with intent.

Reflection: A Moment for Your Business

  1. Do you have a 12-month plan that you genuinely believe in?
  2. Is your team aligned on priorities – or are they working on different assumptions?
  3. Where is your effort being spread too thin across too many initiatives?
  4. What are the three decisions that would create the most impact right now?

 

No Founder Succeeds Alone

Clarity rarely comes from thinking harder in isolation. Jiven acts as your strategic thinking partner, creating the space to define direction, prioritise what matters, and turn ambition into a structured plan for growth.

Ready to stop reacting and start leading? Let’s Talk: www.letsjusttalk.co.uk

Missed the first two parts of the series? https://www.letsjusttalk.co.uk/blog/

The Founder Bottleneck: When Growth Still Depends on You

Common Barriers to SME Growth (And How to Break Them) — Series 2 of 12

Each blog in this series addresses a real barrier to growth, offering practical insight and reflection prompts to help business founders think clearly, act confidently, and keep your business on a sustainable growth trajectory.

The Shift No One Talks About

In the early stages of a small business, founders have no choice but to do most things themselves. They sell, deliver, troubleshoot, decide and problem-solve. Resource constraints require it. Agility depends on it.

That hands-on intensity often drives early traction.

However, as the business grows and begins moving toward a more established, medium-sized capability model, the very behaviours that created momentum can quietly begin to limit it.

Not because they are wrong – but because the context has changed.

Growth introduces complexity:

  • More clients
  • More staff
  • More decisions
  • More operational moving parts

If everything continues to route through the founder, scalability becomes fragile. Decision queues lengthen. Teams wait for direction. Strategic thinking time shrinks.

The founder becomes indispensable – and that indispensability becomes the bottleneck.

When Dedication Turns into Dependency

Many founders equate stepping back with loss of control. In reality, sustainable growth requires a different type of control: structural control.

Centralised decision-making creates cognitive overload. The founder becomes the default escalation point for operational issues that should sit within clear frameworks.

The result:

  • Slower execution
  • Increased decision fatigue
  • Limited strategic bandwidth
  • Reduced organisational confidence

The business grows – but capability does not grow at the same pace.

This is where evolution must occur. The transition is not about doing less. It is about operating at the right level. From solver of daily problems to architect of systems and direction.

Designing for Scale

Businesses that scale successfully do three things:

  1. They clarify decision boundaries.
  2. They define roles with accountability.
  3. They build repeatable processes that reduce founder dependency.

This does not remove the founder from the business. It elevates the founder’s focus to strategic leadership.

Growth requires space to think.

Space to plan.

Space to make fewer, higher-value decisions.

Without that space, commercial momentum plateaus.

Reflection Prompts

  • Is your current role aligned with the size of your business today – or the size it was two years ago?
  • Which recurring decisions could operate within defined boundaries rather than escalation?
  • Where is your involvement creating value – and where might it be creating dependency?
  • What would free up 20% of your strategic capacity?

 

No Founder Succeeds Alone

Scaling a business is challenging, and even the most dedicated founders can hit limits when everything depends on them. Taking time to reflect, challenge assumptions, and think strategically is what separates businesses that plateau from those that grow.

Jiven can be your trusted strategic thinking partner. Together, we create space to focus on the decisions that matter most, design structure and systems for scale, and keep your business moving forward with confidence.

www.letsjusttalk.co.uk

#SME #SmallBusiness #BusinessGrowth  #Scaling #FounderLeadership #Strategy

Why Most SMEs Work Hard but Struggle to Grow

Common Barriers to SME Growth (And How to Break Them) — Series 1 of 12

This blog series draws on Jiven’s 15+ years of experience working closely with SME founders and leadership teams across multiple sectors.

In those conversations, I’ve repeatedly seen businesses that are busy but stuck, founders carrying too much, and teams working hard without clear priorities.

Each blog in this series addresses a real barrier to growth, offering practical insight and reflection prompts to help you think clearly, act decisively, and keep your business on a sustainable growth trajectory.

From Being Busy to Growing

Most SME founders feel constantly busy. Meetings, emails, operations, client requests – the diary never empties.

Yet revenue growth often stalls. Opportunities slip. Strategic priorities get pushed aside.

Being busy isn’t the same as being effective. Too often, activity masks stagnation.

Reflection Prompt:

  • Are you building a business — or just keeping it alive?
  • Which tasks this week actually move the business forward?

 

Insight 1: Activity Without Direction

SMEs often operate reactively, responding to the loudest or most urgent problem.

Consequences of activity without strategy:

  • Firefighting becomes default
  • Teams follow the founder’s immediate reactions, not a plan
  • Momentum for growth initiatives slows
  • Missed opportunities accumulate

Reflection Prompt:

  • Are your decisions driven by urgency or by your long-term goals?

 

Insight 2: The Cost of Reactive Decision-Making

Every reactive choice consumes energy and time that could have been spent building scalable systems, developing strategy, or growing the business.

Strategic clarity allows you to:

  • Prioritise high-impact actions
  • Reduce decision fatigue
  • Free time to focus on growth, not just survival

Reflection Prompt:

  • What’s one area where you’re making reactive decisions that could be planned in advance?

 

Insight 3: Turning Busy into Effective Growth

High-performing SMEs use their diary deliberately:

  • Focus on high-value priorities
  • Schedule reflection and planning time
  • Delegate operational tasks strategically

Reflection Prompt:

  • Are your diary and inbox controlling you – or supporting your growth?

 

Collaborate with Jiven

Strategic clarity changes everything. Stepping back to reflect and define direction is often the difference between spinning wheels and building real momentum.

The strongest leaders don’t go it alone. They create space to think, challenge assumptions, and use a trusted sounding board to stay on a growth track.

Let’s just talk with Jiven — a strategic thinking partner for business leaders.

www.letsjusttalk.co.uk

#SME #SmallBusiness #BusinessGrowth #Leadership #Strategy #Entrepreneurship #FounderTips #BusinessStrategy #GrowthMindset #ScalingBusiness #LeadershipDevelopment #SMETips #BusinessInsights

Rethinking the High Street in 2026: Questions Every Business Should Be Asking

As we enter 2026, it is becoming increasingly clear that the challenges facing high street businesses and SMEs are no longer short-term or cyclical. They are structural. Rising costs, changing customer behaviour, digital competition, and sustained pressure on footfall have combined to fundamentally reshape what it takes to remain viable.

For many businesses, survival is no longer about working harder — it is about thinking differently.

This is not a signal of failure, nor is it a call for pessimism. It is an opportunity to pause, reassess, and look at long-established business models through a new lens.

The Reality Many Businesses Are Facing

Across town centres and local high streets, business owners are contending with:

  • Increased rent, rates, utilities, and labour costs
  • Customers visiting less frequently, but expecting more when they do
  • Greater price sensitivity alongside higher expectations of service and experience
  • Competition not just from neighbouring shops, but from online, delivery platforms, and destination venues

In this environment, doing “what has always worked” is often no longer enough.

From Operations to a Clear Customer Offering

One of the biggest shifts for high street businesses is moving away from simply operating a premises to clearly defining a clear customer offering.

Customers are no longer asking:

 “What do you sell?” They are asking: “Why should I come to you, specifically?”

That distinction matters.

Businesses that are performing better tend to be clear on who they are for, what experience they offer, and what problem they solve for their customer – beyond convenience alone.

Questions Worth Asking as We move through 2026…

It is often more powerful to start with the right questions. Here are some prompts for business owners to reflect on:

  • If I were opening this business today, would I design it the same way?
  • What is the real reason customers choose me over alternatives — and is that reason still strong?
  • Am I relying on habit and loyalty, or actively earning repeat visits?
  • Is my pricing based on value delivered, or simply on what the market has historically tolerated?
  • Does my physical space work hard enough — could it do more, differently, or better?
  • Am I visible and relevant to new customers, or only to existing ones?
  • What parts of my business could not be easily replicated online?
  • These are not easy questions, but they are increasingly necessary ones.

 

For many business owners, the challenge is not recognising these questions – it’s having the space and distance to answer them honestly. When you’re deeply involved in day-to-day operations, it’s easy to become too close to the business to see it as a customer does.

Talking these questions through with Jiven can help bring clarity, offering an experienced outside-in view of your business from the customer’s perspective.

The High Street as Experience, Not Just Transaction

High streets that are holding up best are those where businesses lean into experience, connection, and community — whether that is through hospitality, service, expertise, or atmosphere.

For SMEs, this does not require large budgets or radical reinvention. It requires clarity, focus, and a willingness to adapt.

Looking Ahead

2026 does not demand that every business change everything. But it does demand intention.

Those who take the time now to reassess, refine, and realign their offering will be better positioned to weather ongoing pressures — and, in many cases, uncover new opportunities.

The question is no longer whether the high street is changing.

 

Collaborate with Jiven Banghar

Work alongside an experienced business expert to navigate challenges, test ideas and gain a fresh perspective on your business

1-2-1 Business Clarity Session

A structured one-to-one discussion reviewing your current business position, pressures, and opportunities. This session is designed to help you step back, sense-check whether your business model is still working in today’s environment, and identify what deserves attention now — and what doesn’t.

High Street Customer Experience Review

I visit your business as a genuine customer and assess the experience end-to-end — from first impression through to service, environment, and proposition. You’ll receive an objective written review outlining strengths, gaps, and clear, practical recommendations.

 

Start the conversation with Jiven today. www.letsjusttalk.co.uk

Jiven Banghar Joins Branduin as an Associate Business Advisor

Exciting news: Jiven Banghar has joined Branduin as an Associate Business Advisor.

With 25+ years’ cross-sector experience spanning healthcare, defence, maritime, education, arts & heritage, and private equity, Jiven brings a results-driven, strategic approach to executive advisory, go-to-market strategy and customer journey transformation. The common thread across her work is technology: supporting SaaS and technology companies, as well as organisations implementing digital infrastructure, to clarify strategy, strengthen their brand, and unlock sustainable growth.

Joining Branduin feels like a natural fit!

Branduin is a trusted partner to SMEs, Local Authorities, Chambers of Commerce, and Growth Hubs across London and the South East. Every advisor is also a business owner, bringing practical, real-world expertise to support clients. Over the past year alone, Branduin has helped nearly 500 businesses grow and thrive, offering guidance across the full spectrum of business needs: marketing, sales, finance, people, and protecting assets.

As a Business Advisor, Jiven will work on Branduin’s Fit To Bid® programme — a fully funded support package designed to help local businesses strengthen their supply chain capabilities. The programme combines an online Bid Capability Assessment, tailored skills workshops, and 1:1 expert guidance to help SMEs:

  • Win more contracts
  • Master the art and science of bid writing
  • Connect with key buyers and Tier-1 & Tier-2 suppliers at Heathrow, Gatwick, Local Authorities, HS2, TfL, transit hubs, and major infrastructure projects
  • Access live tenders and submit winning bids 

 

Alongside Branduin, Jiven continues to support clients independently through Jiven Banghar Marketing Ltd, delivering strategic advisory and marketing transformation.

Businesses, Economic Development teams, or Chambers of Commerce interested in growing their impact can learn more at: www.branduin.co.uk

The Silent Crisis in Small Museums: Why Strategy, Not Just Funding, Holds the Key to Survival

Small museums are often governed by dedicated boards and trustees who are deeply committed to preserving history and culture. However, these leadership committees may not always have the commercial expertise or strategic vision needed to navigate evolving visitor expectations and rising costs. In today’s environment, passion and commitment alone can no longer guarantee survival.

In some cases, leadership committees believe they are already doing everything necessary to succeed. Yet, the reality is that their efforts may not align with what visitors truly want or need. Without expertise in audience engagement, marketing, or revenue diversification, strategies can become siloed and outdated, making it harder to adapt and grow.

The Accountability Gap: A Strategic Imperative for Small Museums

At the heart of the challenge lies an accountability gap – where a lack of clear vision, measurable objectives, and actionable insights leaves museums vulnerable to decline.

Key challenges include:

  • No Clear Vision or Strategic Objectives: Without alignment around a strong, measurable vision, departments often develop their own priorities, leading to fragmentation.
  • Siloed Operations: Teams often work independently, limiting cross-functional collaboration that could drive real change.
  • Lack of Performance Dashboards: Without tracking visitor data, engagement levels, or revenue diversification, decision-making remains reactive, not strategic.
  • Failure to Listen & Respond to Visitors: Museums need structured mechanisms to collect, analyse, and act on visitor feedback to stay relevant.
  • Volunteer Fit, Skills, and Utilisation: Align critical tasks and projects with volunteers who possess the appropriate skills. Assess whether skills banks are being used effectively to support the museum’s needs and ensure volunteer contributions are maximised.

Real transformation begins with an honest, objective review of people, processes, and priorities – not just funding. Breaking down silos, embracing transparency, and creating a culture of accountability are essential for long-term sustainability.

With visitor numbers dropping by as much as 25% and operating costs exceeding £400,000 annually, it’s clear that relying on passion alone is no longer enough to sustain these institutions. Addressing these gaps requires not just identifying problems but ensuring that every team member is empowered to own the solution.

The Importance of Ownership in the Change Process

A strategic review will uncover areas for growth, but the true value comes from a collective commitment to implementing the changes across every level of the organisation. Every staff member, from leadership to front-line volunteers, must be committed to adopting and applying the change program within their specific areas.

It’s often the small shifts in how teams collaborate, engage with visitors, and manage resources that build momentum and create the recovery needed. Over time, these incremental changes accumulate and lead to visible results – green shoots of growth and improvement.

Why Now?

The situation is more urgent than ever. According to research by Kids in Museums and GoDaddy, three in five small museums fear for their future, and over 500 museums have closed in the past 20 years – many of them lost forever. When a museum shuts down, its collections are dispersed, buildings deteriorate, and a vital part of the community’s heritage disappears.

Every year that passes without addressing these structural challenges makes recovery more difficult – and some museums may never get a second chance. The time to act is now.

The 5 Key Strategies for Balancing Commercial Success with Educational and Cultural Aims

1. Conducting a Strategic Commercial Review

  • A focused review helps identify quick-win solutions to boost footfall, audience engagement, and revenue while keeping the museum affordable and community-driven.

2. Rethinking Visitor Engagement

  • Move beyond static exhibitions – introduce immersive and creative educational and inspirational experiences.

  • Use social media to raise awareness, create buzz and connect with digital-first audiences.

  • Develop family-friendly, youth-focused, and revitalised community programs that actively engage schools and local communities.

3. Diversifying Revenue Streams Without Raising Ticket Prices

  • Memberships & Loyalty Programs: Create sustainable revenue while offering affordable access.

  • Retail & Hospitality: Optimise cafés, gift shops, and activity spaces.

  • Corporate & Community Partnerships: Unlock new funding and sponsorship opportunities.

4. Leveraging Digital & Tech Innovations

  • Upgrade websites with online ticketing, virtual tours, and educational content.

  • Explore AR/VR experiences to attract younger audiences.

  • Automate administrative processes and leverage data more effectively.

  • Build a stronger collective presence by encouraging museums to support one another through digital platforms – sharing and liking each other’s content to boost visibility and engagement.

  • Consider shared services models where museums collaborate to access professional expertise and reduce operational costs.

5. Strengthening Brand Positioning & Storytelling

  • Museums need to reposition themselves as cultural destinations with compelling narratives that resonate with today’s audiences while staying true to their educational and community missions.

Proven Success: Jiven’s Work with the Heath Robinson Museum

This approach isn’t just theory – it delivers results. Jiven worked with the Heath Robinson Museum, where declining footfall was a growing concern. Through a strategic review, Jiven identified key barriers to growth and implemented a targeted recovery plan focused on audience engagement, marketing strategy, and revenue diversification.

As a result, the museum successfully reversed its downward trend, revitalised visitor interest, and strengthened its long-term sustainability approach – all while reinvigorating programs that opened new possibilities to engage schools and local communities.

This case study proves that small museums can achieve financial sustainability without losing their core mission – it just requires a commitment to change.

The Time for Change is Now

Small museums are facing significant challenges, not just in funding, but in how they engage with visitors and adapt to changing expectations. To address declining footfall, it’s essential to take a fresh look at what museums are offering and how they’re delivering those experiences. A strategic review can help energise operations, identify new opportunities, and ensure the museum’s offerings align with the needs of today’s visitors. By rethinking visitor engagement, embracing new approaches, and leveraging community and volunteer skills, museums can reinvigorate their mission and begin a path toward sustainable growth and renewed relevance.

Does your museum need a fresh perspective?

A strategic review – or even a targeted marketing audit – can uncover untapped opportunities and reposition your museum for long-term success. Start the conversation with Jiven today.

www.letsjusttalk.co.uk 

Sources:

  • Sky News – ‘Toughest Time Ever for Small Museums as Visitor Numbers Fall and Costs Rise’
  • Museums and Heritage Advisor – ‘Three in Five Small UK Museums Fear Closure, Says New Research’

Why Venture Capitalists Must Prioritise Marketing to Maximise Returns

As a venture capitalist, you invest in bold ideas and visionary founders. Your portfolio is built on companies with the potential to disrupt industries and scale rapidly. But even the most promising startups can struggle to grow – often due to marketing missteps that aren’t obvious until they start impacting revenue and valuation.

From inefficient customer acquisition to weak differentiation, marketing challenges can quietly erode competitive advantage, stall growth, and burn through capital. Recognising these risks early and addressing them strategically can be the difference between a company that thrives and one that plateaus.

The Hidden Marketing Risks Startups Face

1. Overestimated Market Fit

Many startups assume their product will naturally attract customers. However, without rigorous market validation, even the best ideas can fall flat. If early adopters aren’t converting into long-term customers, there’s likely a disconnect between the product and market needs—something marketing insights can help uncover and address.

2. Inefficient Customer Acquisition

High acquisition costs or over-reliance on a single channel (e.g., paid ads) are major red flags. A startup might achieve short-term traction, but if customer acquisition isn’t scalable or cost-effective, growth will stall. A well-structured marketing strategy ensures diversified, sustainable acquisition models that don’t drain resources.

3. Weak Differentiation

In crowded markets, a startup that can’t clearly articulate what makes it different risks blending into the background. This often leads to competing on price rather than value, limiting its ability to build brand loyalty or command premium pricing. Strong positioning and messaging are critical for standing out.

4. Scaling Too Fast Without Strategy

Ambitious startups often push for rapid growth—expanding into new markets or launching large-scale campaigns before they’re ready. Without a strategic foundation, this leads to wasted marketing spend, diluted messaging, and operational strain. Sustainable scaling requires a structured approach, not just aggressive expansion.

Why Venture Capitalists Must Pay Attention

  • For venture capitalists, marketing isn’t just an operational detail—it’s a critical driver of portfolio performance. A startup’s ability to effectively position itself, engage customers, and scale its efforts directly impacts growth potential and ROI.
  • Overlooking marketing challenges can result in:
  • Missed opportunities for market penetration and expansion.
  • Wasted capital on ineffective acquisition and branding efforts.
  • Lower valuations due to weaker traction and revenue growth.

By addressing these issues proactively, you not only mitigate risk but also unlock new pathways for growth – strengthening your portfolio and increasing long-term returns.

Is Marketing Holding Back Your Portfolio’s Growth?

If these challenges sound familiar, it’s time to take a closer look at how marketing may be limiting your investments. The right marketing strategy isn’t just about fixing problems – it’s about unlocking sustainable, scalable growth.

Jiven partners with VCs to uncover and address marketing roadblocks.

  • Strengthen market positioning and differentiation.
  • Optimise acquisition strategies for sustainable, profitable growth.
  • Provide marketing due diligence on potential investments.

 

Let’s connect to discuss how Jiven can support your due diligence, address marketing challenges in your portfolio, and unlock new growth opportunities

www.letsjusttalk.co.uk

 

Why Your Organisational Change Program Needs a Marketing Leader at the Helm

In today’s fast-paced business landscape, successful organisational change is crucial for staying competitive. While traditional leaders may seem like the obvious choice to guide these initiatives, a marketing professional brings…